Type 1 Surges Protectors

SP1 Series

Model Meaning

Selection Principle

● The continuous applied voltage on the two terminals of Type 1 Surges Protectors should not more than the maximum continuous operating voltage Uc value;

● The voltage protection level Up of SPD should less than the maximum impulse withstand voltage of the protected equipment;

● As per to the different earthing system and protection mode to select the specification accordingly.

Outline And Installation Size (mm)

SP1-B (Class I Protection)

Application

SP1-B series Type 1 Surges Protectors are suitable for TT, IT, TN-S, TN-C-S power supply system with AC 50/60Hz, 230/400V and below. Its design based on IEC6143-1, GB18802.1 and GB50057 standard requirements, can discharge 100KA lightning over current, normally installed at incoming line of the main distribution box of buildings.

B type lightning current SPD is used for equipotential connection during lightning. It is installed at the LPZOA zone or junction area of LPZ1 zone, normally installed at the incoming line of low voltage main distribution board.

Selection Principle

● Modularization - can replace the protection module without electricity cutoff.

● Big current - maximum can withstand 100KA (8/20µs)

● High speed - response time less than 25ns

● Status indication - the window color shows the working status : Green ( normal ), Red (fault)

Main Technical Parameters

Technical Term Explanation

● Surge Protection Device (SPD)

It is a device used to limiting instant surge voltage and discharge surge current, at least including a non-linear component.

● Voltage Switching Type SPD

It is a SPD that the impedance is high without surge voltage, if there is surge voltage immediately change to low impedance. Voltage switching type SPD commonly used components are discharge gap, gas discharge tube, SCR and three terminal two way thyristor switching element. Such SPD is also called as "Short circuit type SPD".

● Voltage limiting type SPD

When without surge voltage, it have high impedance, along with the surge current and voltage rising, the impedance continuously reduce. It is commonly used nonlinear components: Piezoresistor and suppression diodes. Such SPD also called as "Clamping type SPD".

● Combined type SPD

The SPD is combined voltage switching type component and voltage limiting type component. The feature is that according to the surge voltage characteristic can act as voltage switching type, voltage limiting type or both type.

● Protection mode

The SPD protection element can connect between phase to phase, phase to earth, phase to neutral line, neutral line to earth and its combination. Those connecting mode called protection mode.

● Nominal Discharge Current In

It is the peak value of a current with the waveform 8/20 that flows through a SPD. It is used to classify the test for class II SPD and class I, class II SPD pre-processing test.

● Impulse current Iimp

It is defined by its peak value Ipeak and its charge Q. The test is carried out according to the test procedure of the operating on duty test. It is used to classify the test for Class I SPD.

● Max. continuous operating voltage Uc

The maximum acceptable value of AC voltage that can be permanently applied to the SPD, its value equal to the rated voltage.

● Continuous current If

After impulse discharge current, the current flows from the power system to SPD. Continuous current and continuous operating voltage Ic have obviously difference.

● Voltage protection level Up

The protection level is a parameter which characterizes the performance of an SPD to limit the voltage between its terminals. The protection level is chosen from a list of standard values and has to exceed the highest value of the measured limiting voltage.

● Limiting Voltage

When applied the specified waveform and amplitude of impulse voltage, the maximum voltage peak value measured between SPD terminals.

● Residual Voltage Uies

The residual voltage is the peak value of the voltage that measured between the terminals of an SPD during the flow of a discharge current.

● Disconnection Device of SPD

The disconnection device is to separate the SPD from the power grid to avoid a fire hazard and to report the defective arrester (internal or external)

Note: Such disconnection device doesn't need to have isolation performance, and it can avoid system continuous fault.

● SPD failure indication

Except have the disconnection device function, also have other function, such as over current protect function and thermal protect function. These functions can be combined in one device or several devices.

● Residual current Ires

Make SPD wiring as per manufacturer’s instruction, and don’t put the load, apply the maximum continuous operating voltage (Uc), the measured current which flows the PE terminal.

● Equipotential Bonding (Potential Equalization)

It is an electric components connecting between electrical equipment and external conductor, make the electric potential equalization or similar. SPD is one of the category for conductor protection.

● Instant over voltage

The instant over voltage is wave propagation at some area, the time is relative longer, around 1ms~20ms.

● Surge voltage

Surge voltage is an instant over voltage happened between conductor and conductor or conductor and earth, time is less than 1ms, and such voltage is much higher than the maximum peak value of operating voltage, but it is no operating frequency. Such surge voltage is caused by lightning or over voltage by switch incorrect operation (such as breaker over current trip).

● Protection fuse on front of SPD(Backup fuse)

In front of all SPD must install the former level fuse. If the fuse rating in the circuit is higher than the SPD’s max allowed fuse rating, the SPD must chose a suitable former level fuse in series connection at the front side as protection.

● Building Lightning Protection

① Lightning Protection System (LPS) is a general designation for the building or inside building lightning protection system, including the external lighting protection system and internal lighting protection system.

② Lighting Protection Zone (LPZ) is through the definition of lightning electromagnetic environment to make the regional

division.

Surge Identification Technology

● The commonly used element of SPD for power supply system:

On the field of low voltage SPD for power supply, the mostly used arrester elements are Zener Diode, discharge gap and metal oxide Varistor (MOV). They have following characteristics:

1, Zener diode array: the single zener diode has less power, so when for power supply protection, mostly use a lot of zener diode to form array. The result is cost is high, failing rate also high. But zener diode response fast and protection effect is good.

2, Discharge Gap: The characteristic of discharge gap is at the opposite of zener diode. It have better energy absorb ability, can make as big through-flow element, but its response time very slow, residual voltage higher. Not enough capability for protection against sensitive equipment. Moreover, when discharge gap discharge big through-flow surge will spray out blazing free gas, may cause explosion or fire. Therefore have to take more concern on the location and installation environment.

3, MOV: The MOV’s energy absorbs capability is between zener diode and discharge gap, basically meet with the usage requirement. Moreover, MOV have lower price, relatively stability, hence it is widely used.

● Why the surge identification technology is needed ?

When selecting SPD module, besides to considering the energy absorb ability and response time, should also consider

the few questions:

○ According to the rules of international safety standard UL1449, for electronic products, must test lasting 7 hours under

over voltage condition and no damage. Therefore, the SPD element should withstand long term over voltage.

○ Any SPD element all have a triggering time (Response time), during this time, the element’s two end voltage will increase along with the external voltage increase, then decrease to the triggering voltage. The peak value of this increase voltage is the element’s residual voltage (as below chart).

Obviously, the highest impulse voltage to the protected equipment is the residual voltage (didn’t considering the rising edge’s harmonic component). The more higher residual voltage, the more possibility of lightning damage to the equipment. Therefore, to lower the residual voltage is the most important. To the general electronic components, it becoming weak at around 2 times of peak operating voltage, at 2.5~3 times it will directly damage. So for 220V components, internationally normal requirement of residual voltage is less than 1000V.

○ When using MOV as the protection element, once MOV enter into voltage-sensitive working status, it will have above 1mA current flows through the MOV. If such current frequently flow through, will cause MOV aging, even cause on fire. If power supply voltage not stable, once the voltage value exceed the triggering voltage (varistor voltage), the SPD will continuous triggering, it will greatly reduce its working life, even will damage.

In order to solve the above problem, the manufacturers present various solutions, mainly as followings:

1, Increase the MOV triggering voltage. For example, increase to 420V. Although such result solve the above problem 1 and 3, but increase the triggering voltage will certainly increase the residual voltage, the protection performance is reduced.

2, Adopt thermal tripping mechanism. The principle is when power grid variation to exceed the triggering voltage, the protection element will heating, the tripping mechanism start triggering, disconnect the MOV from the circuit. This method appears can solve the problem, but, if there is lightning surge comes, the circuit actually without protection element, the equipment will lost the protection.

3, Adopt surge identification technology (principle behind). The result is can reach a 480V allowed continuous over voltage value, can withstand big variation of power supply voltage, and comply with UL1449 requirements. Moreover, residual voltage can control below 1000V (normally between 700 ～ 900V).

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